SSC-EWI-0030
The statement below has usages of dynamic SQL
Severity
Medium
Description
This error is used to indicate that the statement has usages of dynamic SQL. Each specific source language has its own set of statements that can execute dynamic SQL. Dynamic SQL refers to code that is built as text using the string manipulation tools the database engine language provides.
This scenario is considered a complex pattern because dynamic SQL is built and executed in runtime making it more difficult to track and debug errors. This error is meant to be a helper to spot some problems that a static-code analyzer such as Snow Convert cannot.
Code Example
Teradata
REPLACE PROCEDURE teradata_dynamic_sql()
BEGIN
DECLARE str_sql VARCHAR(20);
SET str_sql = 'UPDATE TABLE
SET COLA = 0,
COLB = ''test''';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE str_sql;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'INSERT INTO TABLE1(COL1) VALUES(1)';
EXECUTE str_sql;
CALL DBC.SysExecSQL('INSERT INTO TABLE1(COL1) VALUES(1)');
END;CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE teradata_dynamic_sql ()
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{ "origin": "sf_sc", "name": "snowconvert", "version": { "major": 0, "minor": 0, "patch": "0" }, "attributes": { "component": "teradata", "convertedOn": "07/04/2024" }}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
DECLARE
str_sql VARCHAR(20);
BEGIN
str_sql := 'UPDATE "TABLE"
SET COLA = 0,
COLB = ''test''';
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE str_sql;
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'INSERT INTO TABLE1 (COL1)
VALUES (1);';
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE str_sql;
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'INSERT INTO TABLE1 (COL1)
VALUES (1);';
END;
$$;Oracle
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE oracle_dynamic_sql
AS
dynamic_statement VARCHAR(100);
numeric_variable INTEGER;
dynamic_statement VARCHAR(100);
column_variable VARCHAR(100);
cursor_variable SYS_REFCURSOR;
c INTEGER;
dynamic_statement VARCHAR(100);
BEGIN
dynamic_statement := 'INSERT INTO sample_table(col1) VALUES(1)';
numeric_variable := 3;
column_variable := 'col1';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE dynamic_statement;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'INSERT INTO sample_table(col1) VALUES(' || numeric_variable || ')';
OPEN cursor_variable FOR dynamic_statement;
OPEN cursor_variable FOR 'SELECT ' || column_variable || ' FROM sample_table';
OPEN cursor_variable FOR 'SELECT col1 FROM sample_table';
c := DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR;
dynamic_statement := 'SELECT * FROM sample_table';
DBMS_SQL.PARSE(c, dynamic_statement);
END;CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE oracle_dynamic_sql ()
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
DECLARE
dynamic_statement VARCHAR(100);
numeric_variable INTEGER;
dynamic_statement VARCHAR(100);
column_variable VARCHAR(100);
cursor_variable_res RESULTSET;
c INTEGER;
dynamic_statement VARCHAR(100);
BEGIN
dynamic_statement := 'INSERT INTO sample_table(col1) VALUES(1)';
numeric_variable := 3;
column_variable := 'col1';
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE :dynamic_statement;
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'INSERT INTO sample_table(col1) VALUES(' || NVL(:numeric_variable :: STRING, '') || ')';
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
cursor_variable_res := (
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE :dynamic_statement
);
LET cursor_variable CURSOR
FOR
cursor_variable_res;
OPEN cursor_variable;
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
cursor_variable_res := (
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SELECT ' || NVL(:column_variable :: STRING, '') || ' FROM
sample_table'
);
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-OR0133 - THE CURSOR VARIABLE NAMED 'cursor_variable' HAS ALREADY BEEN ASSIGNED IN ANOTHER CURSOR ***/!!!
LET cursor_variable CURSOR
FOR
cursor_variable_res;
OPEN cursor_variable;
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
cursor_variable_res := (
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SELECT col1 FROM
sample_table'
);
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-OR0133 - THE CURSOR VARIABLE NAMED 'cursor_variable' HAS ALREADY BEEN ASSIGNED IN ANOTHER CURSOR ***/!!!
LET cursor_variable CURSOR
FOR
cursor_variable_res;
OPEN cursor_variable;
c :=
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-OR0076 - TRANSLATION FOR BUILT-IN PACKAGE 'DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR' IS NOT CURRENTLY SUPPORTED. ***/!!!
'' AS OPEN_CURSOR;
dynamic_statement := 'SELECT * FROM
sample_table';
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-OR0076 - TRANSLATION FOR BUILT-IN PACKAGE 'DBMS_SQL.PARSE' IS NOT CURRENTLY SUPPORTED. ***/!!!!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
DBMS_SQL.PARSE(:c, :dynamic_statement);
END;
$$;SQL Server
CREATE OR ALTER PROCEDURE transact_dynamic_sql
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @dynamicStatement AS VARCHAR(200);
DECLARE @numericVariable AS VARCHAR(200);
SET @dynamicStatement = 'INSERT INTO sample_table(col1) VALUES(1);';
SET @numericVariable = '3';
EXECUTE (@dynamicStatement);
EXEC ('INSERT INTO sampleTable(col1) VALUES (' + @numericVariable + ');');
EXECUTE ('INSERT INTO sampleTable(col1) VALUES(10);') AS USER = 'DbAdmin';
INSERT INTO sampleTable EXECUTE sp_executesql @statement = 'SELECT * FROM sampleTable;';
INSERT INTO sampleTable EXECUTE ('SELECT * FROM sampleTable;');
END;CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE transact_dynamic_sql ()
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{ "origin": "sf_sc", "name": "snowconvert", "version": { "major": 0, "minor": 0, "patch": "0" }, "attributes": { "component": "transact", "convertedOn": "11/13/2024", "domain": "test" }}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
DECLARE
DYNAMICSTATEMENT VARCHAR(200);
NUMERICVARIABLE VARCHAR(200);
BEGIN
DYNAMICSTATEMENT := 'INSERT INTO sample_table (col1) VALUES(1);';
NUMERICVARIABLE := '3';
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE :DYNAMICSTATEMENT;
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'INSERT INTO sampleTable (col1) VALUES (' || :NUMERICVARIABLE || ');';
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0021 - EXECUTE AS USER/LOGIN NOT SUPPORTED IN SNOWFLAKE ***/!!!
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'INSERT INTO sampleTable (col1) VALUES(10);';
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0073 - PENDING FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENCE REVIEW FOR 'INSERT WITH EXECUTE' NODE ***/!!!
INSERT INTO sampleTable EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SELECT
*
FROM
sampleTable;';
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0073 - PENDING FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENCE REVIEW FOR 'INSERT WITH EXECUTE' NODE ***/!!!
INSERT INTO sampleTable EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SELECT
*
FROM
sampleTable;';
END;
$$;Issues Inside of Dynamic SQL
Something important to take into account is that when migrating dynamic SQL code, SnowConvert will not report any type of issue inside of dynamic SQL in the output code or in the assessment reports. This will happen even when the documentation of an issue or the translation specification describes that an issue will always be added to the output code. Here is an example of a migration in Oracle where this situation might be encountered:
SELECT dbms_random.value() FROM dual;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE dynamic_sql_procedure
AS
result VARCHAR(100) := 'SELECT dbms_random.value() from dual';
BEGIN
NULL;
END;SELECT
--** SSC-FDM-OR0033 - DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE DIGITS OF PRECISION ARE LOWER IN SNOWFLAKE **
DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE_UDF() FROM dual;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE dynamic_sql_procedure ()
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},{"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
DECLARE
result VARCHAR(100) := 'SELECT
DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE_UDF() from dual';
BEGIN
NULL;
END;
$$;In the previous example, the query and the variable assignment inside the procedure will be converted exactly the same, the difference is that in the dynamic SQL code the conversion issues will not be shown in the output code and in the assessment reports.
Recommendations
Use this tag to track every dynamically built statement and review its correctness when troubleshooting.
If you need more support, you can email us at [email protected]
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